Friday, January 31, 2014
Rallying the Masses, and the tumble thereafter
The Radical party attracted a number of newcomers by Yrigoyen's election in 1916. How had Argentina's politics changed in the previous years to account for this shift? What important industries were developing in Argentina that were still connected to foreign markets, and how did this contribute to economic nationalism? Finally, why was President Yrigoyen ousted by a military coup?
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The conservative party started to lose the political power since they had been in power for more than 3 decades. The radical party however started gaining the support of farmers, the urban middle classes, rural tenants and even working classes as well as immigrants and sons of immigrants (since women were not allowed to vote) as an alternative to the corrupt conservative party (PAN).Voting became mandatory for males over 18 years of age. PAN had lost its power as I said and the middle class, started being very nationalistic even though they were immigrants. They "hated the landed oligarchy for monopolizing politics and economic opportunities".The education was finally also accepted by the radical party. It was also the first election peaceful and non-violent in Argentina and that is why it was a really big change.
ReplyDeleteOne of the most important industries that were developed in Argentina was the modern wine industry, developed by immigrants and the railroad industry. The oil business was also developed in Argentina by the time of the World War 1.
President Yrigoyen started losing supporters and trust. people started saying that he was elected by fraud and that he was not doing good things for the country. Argentina needed a new governe\ment and that is why in 1930, he was ousted by a military coup (by José Félix Uriburu)
The shift began when the PAN slowly lost its power. When General Julio R. Roca finished his second term and then died shortly after, the government began to disintegrate. Then, under the Sanez Pena laws, “ the responsibility of overseeing elections fell towards the army, a supposedly neutral observer.” During this time period, it became aware that the middle class was growing; the emerging middle class made up part of the Radical electorate.” Yrigoyen also focused in on the urban workers who were under the “thumb of the landed oligarchy.” Workers in large industries stages riots, demanding high wages because of the price of inflation. After these setbacks during World War I, an important industry in Argentina was the building of the railway system, immigration, and expansion of the domestic capital. President Yrigoyen rose to power, “through the support of the farmers, the farm tenants, the urban middle, classes, and, unexpectedly, the working class.” President Yrigoyen was ousted by a military coup because other parties wanted someone else in charge. Yrigoyen, a radical, had allowed the middle class and other groups expand while they had never had any power before. Other parties did not like this and overthrew President Yrigoyen.
ReplyDeleteIn 1916 the radical party slowly began to lose power as one political parties power transferred from one to another during the election time. As well as a shift in power, the Argentina went through a lot of changes such as the arrival of the railroads during the 1890’s and a significant economic growth throughout the country. When Yrigoyen was elected many companies started to become state run industries instead of being independent, and while this seemed great at first and people liked it, people over time got sick of Yrigoyen’s “economic nationalism” idea and wanted a new government. The "Argentine Patriotic League" ultimately changed Argentina as a conservative leader, Marcelo Alvear, was elected in 1922. And there was also General Jose F. Uribure who wanted to use the Constitution to return the country to normal as soon as possible.
ReplyDeleteThis shift was brought on as the PAN started losing power. The conservatives were viewed as corrupt and were believed to have maintained their power for three decades through only electoral fraud. Under the Sanez Pena laws, only male citizens over 18 were allowed to vote, and voting was overseen by the army. Immigrants were not given these rights. The radical party became popular amongst farmers, immigrants and rural tenants in Santa Fe and Entre Rios. A lot of change came with this new party: new railways, an immigrant bourgeoisie, and so on.
ReplyDeleteThis shift is describing the shift from the conservatives of the National Party (PAN) to Radical parties. After thirty more years of PAN in power, it began to lose power. Three minor rebellions in 1890, 1983, 1905 showed that many officers favored the Radicals over conservatives. The electoral reform helped radicals took over power as well. Every male citizens were forced to vote. All the middle class and new immigrants gave their vote to radical, partially also because of the respect to higher education from radicals. At 1916, Radicals completely took over the power without violence. In industrial field, railroad was building fast, agriculture and agricultural machinery were developing during the 1920s. Like Laura said, in 1930, Yrigoyen lost his power and was ousted by the military because people started to lose trust on him. And thought that he was elected by fraud. (I didn't see this part in the reading)
ReplyDeleteThe shift came after the radical party gained a lot of support from farmers and tenenants. And even more support came because Factionalism eroded members of the PAN party and people wanted to overthrow the corrupt conservatives from that party. Sons of immigrants and other people that came to the country sought a better living if the radicals came into charge. Farming industry became important because of the support they gave to the radicals, so when Yrigoyen became president, he targeted the industry to gain and keep support. But he was not doing a very good job so he lost trust from the citizens, and that is why he was ousted by a cop; out of disrespect.
ReplyDeleteArgentina's party had changed because many started to support the radical party rather than the conservative (PAN), when they had been in power for so long. This occurred also in part of the fact that every male over 18 had to vote. Many new industries were coming to surface at the time, that connected foreign markets such as the wine industry and the making of railroads by immigrants. The farming industry was also a major contribution because, like Jake said "they gave support to the radicals, so when Yrigoyen became president, he targeted the [farming] industry to gain and keep support." President Yrigoyen was ousted by a military coup because he started to rail his duty as a president, so in time the people did not trust him, which they ultimately came to the conclusion they needed a new leader. As a result President Yrigoyen was ousted by a military coup.
ReplyDeleteThe Radical Party was getting support from farmers and rural tenants in the provinces of Santa Fe and Entre Rios. The son of immigrants supported the Radicals as a viable alternative to the corrupt conservative of the Pan, who seemingly kept themselves in power only through electoral fraud(Military rebellions exemplify the point). However, Through electorial reform, when the Saenz Pena laws were passed, conservatives started to lose power and control to the Radicals. Public Life in Mendoza had been transformed during the period of rapid econimic growth, which was symbolized by the arrival of railway. Plus, modernization brought in its wake new local social groups especially an immigrant bourgeoise that increasingly captured a share of land and financial resources. Therefore, Medoza's oligarchy was weakened. Working class violence was frightening to both the oligarchy and the emerging middle class. Anarchist succeded in assassinating the porteno chief of police and rapid urbanization and growth of urban working class gave new visibility to women laborers.
ReplyDeleteThis shift occurred as PAN started losing power, and as they lost power the middle class began growing more and more and under Irigoyen's power the middle class was able to keep expanding. Until eventually Yrigoyen was overthrown. However Yrigoyen changed a lot about the way the country had been being run, and he changed the government and how it had been running altogether.
ReplyDeleteUmm I guess I have to agree with everyone else the shift caused them to lose power the lower class began to gain power. Yes, Yrigoyen was overthrown and kicked out of power and when ever this happens the country is under great stress and in need of a leader who can run this country. But when he was in power he changed the government and in my mind made it alot better. So maybe getting rid of him was a good and bad thing.
ReplyDeleteFirst of all, PAN was a very corrupt government. They controlled the voting procedures and began to anger the people.In an attempt to change this, they decided to hand over the overseeing of the voting to the army and also to make it mandatory for all men over eighteen to vote. They did that in an attempt to have all intelligent vote. However, since they were corrupt the idea backfired. The radicals won by popular vote making Argentina into a democratic government. The tempting thing about the Radicals was that they often appeased towards the working class which made up a huge part of Argentina. With this new feel of power Argentineans began to demand their rights and create industries for themselves such as the wine and railroad making industries. When Yrigoyen became president he targeted the farming industry to keep support. However as time went on he continued to abuse his power leading to the distrust from argentineans.
ReplyDeleteThe election caused a really big shift in the government causing a lot of things to go wrong in the country also. The government and people of high class and power began to lose their power and all of the power went to people who had never had power before and were of lower classes. There were many industries that helped Argentina. The country traded a lot of beef and meat with other countries like England. There were a lot of people that disliked him and believed that he wasn't doing good things for the government and country. The military decided that they didn't want to put up with it anymore and thats why they ousted him.
ReplyDeleteAs the PAN slowly lost power and Radical Party finally took the control, Argentina made a change in its economic policy and society, which more immigrants came and "popular class"(middle/working class) rose their position and power in the society. The development of wine and railroad connected Argentina to other foreign market especially during World War I, but in Argentina itself, although industry was developing, and women were taking more jobs, many of them were still doing sex trade a lot. The reason why President Yrigoyen was ousted by a military coup because Yrigoyen gave more support to the right wing so he lost trust in more people (including immigrants).
ReplyDeleteThe Radical party gained support from farmers, rural tenants, and sons of immigrants. People were starting to see that the PAN was corrupt and were only staying in power through electoral fraud. President Roque Saenz Pena, saw this shift and decided to make some reforms to save the PAN party. Under these laws, anyone male citizen over the age of 18 had to vote, and made the balloting anonymous. In 1916, the Radical party won the election and control of Congress. This was the first time that a transfer in political power had been done peacefully. President Yrigoyen was the leader of the Radical party and he had support from the farmers, farm tenants, urban middle classes, and the working class. This party added Social reformism and nationalism to Argentine politics. Then, the Tragic Week happened, a worker's strike that resulted in 1500 deaths and 4000 injuries. Radical government labor policies changed and the Argentine Patriotic League was organized. In the 1920s, the Radicals turned conservative.
ReplyDeleteImportant industries developing in Argentina were railway building, immigration, and the domestic capital market.
The PAN was in control for thirty years, it started to gradually lose its power since Roca dies after his second term. Although the conservatives did try to save its position, but the radicals appealed to more people particularly the middle class, farmers, and the working class. The election of 1916 was a bloodless and peaceful political transferring. Under president Yrigoyen, the economy and other industries were blooming. For example, the wine industry which was established by the rich immigrants. The troublemakers in Argentina was definitely the middle-class and middle working class. They despise their second-class citizen titles. The government attempted to appeal to the middle class. For example, the policy changing in university administration was a democratic demonstration to the middle-class students. Nevertheless, working-class was still not content with their government especially after the 1st World War. The labor union became increasingly violent, which eventually led to the tragic week. Thousands of innocent people were killed and wounded. This compelled president Yrigoyen to shift his policy to anti-immigrant and middle-class sentiment. Finally the Radicals became Conservative in 1920, and Yrigoyen chose his successor Alvear.
ReplyDeleteAfter I read this reading, I felt that Argentina's party had changed because many started to support the radical party rather than the conservative (PAN), when they had been in power for so long. This occurred also in part of the fact that every male over 18 had to vote. Many new industries were coming to surface at the time, that connected foreign markets such as the wine industry and the making of railroads by immigrants. . At 1916, Radicals completely took over the power without violence. In industrial field, railroad was building fast, agriculture and agricultural machinery were developing during the 1920s. Like Laura said, in 1930, Yrigoyen lost his power and was ousted by the military because people started to lose trust on him. And thought that he was elected by fraud. (I didn't see this part in the reading)
ReplyDeleteargintinas transference to democractily elected presidents was so huge because it was the first peaceful election ever. however many suspected that there had been foul play in the election. argintinas economy for the most part was agrarian but they soon developed their oil foundries. the argentine people had been monopolized and abused under their government for almost thirty years and the election was a big step forward.
ReplyDeleteI thought this reading was way too dense and lacked a lot of background information. There was a big shift in the Argentinian government because the National Autonomous Party decided to make changes to its electoral process. This added much transparency but also caused a change the PAN wasn't hoping for. The people ended up electing the rebel groups to office. Some industries still existed with connections to foreign markets such as wine and railroad making as well as an oil industry. The radicals ended up becoming too conservative and were eventually ousted by a military coup and replaced with José Félix Uriburu
ReplyDelete